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Printable 2025 citizenship flashcards

All 128 questions of the 2025 version with the official USCIS answers. Applicants who filed Form N-400 on or after October 20, 2025. Print them, cut along the dashed lines, and say each answer out loud before you look.

2008 version instead Online flashcards

To make a PDF, choose "Save as PDF" as the printer. Answers about current officials are printed as of October 20, 2026 — check uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates before your interview, and write your own senators, representative, governor and capital on the blank cards (find them here). Source: USCIS M-1778 (09/25).

2025 · #1What is the form of government of the United States?
  • Republic
  • Constitution-based federal republic
  • Representative democracy
2025 · #265/20 questionWhat is the supreme law of the land?
  • (U.S.) Constitution
2025 · #3Name one thing the U.S. Constitution does.
  • Forms the government
  • Defines powers of government
  • Defines the parts of government
  • Protects the rights of the people
2025 · #4The U.S. Constitution starts with the words "We the People." What does "We the People" mean?
  • Self-government
  • Popular sovereignty
  • Consent of the governed
  • People should govern themselves
  • (Example of) social contract
2025 · #5How are changes made to the U.S. Constitution?
  • Amendments
  • The amendment process
2025 · #6What does the Bill of Rights protect?
  • (The basic) rights of Americans
  • (The basic) rights of people living in the United States
2025 · #765/20 questionHow many amendments does the U.S. Constitution have?
  • Twenty-seven (27)
2025 · #8Why is the Declaration of Independence important?
  • It says America is free from British control.
  • It says all people are created equal.
  • It identifies inherent rights.
  • It identifies individual freedoms.
2025 · #9What founding document said the American colonies were free from Britain?
  • Declaration of Independence
2025 · #10Name two important ideas from the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.
  • Equality
  • Liberty
  • Social contract
  • Natural rights
  • Limited government
  • Self-government
2025 · #11The words "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" are in what founding document?
  • Declaration of Independence
2025 · #1265/20 questionWhat is the economic system of the United States?
  • Capitalism
  • Free market economy
2025 · #13What is the rule of law?
  • Everyone must follow the law.
  • Leaders must obey the law.
  • Government must obey the law.
  • No one is above the law.
2025 · #14Many documents influenced the U.S. Constitution. Name one.
  • Declaration of Independence
  • Articles of Confederation
  • Federalist Papers
  • Anti-Federalist Papers
  • Virginia Declaration of Rights
  • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
  • Mayflower Compact
  • Iroquois Great Law of Peace
2025 · #15There are three branches of government. Why?
  • So one part does not become too powerful
  • Checks and balances
  • Separation of powers
2025 · #16Name the three branches of government.
  • Legislative, executive, and judicial
  • Congress, president, and the courts
2025 · #17The President of the United States is in charge of which branch of government?
  • Executive branch
2025 · #18What part of the federal government writes laws?
  • (U.S.) Congress
  • (U.S. or national) legislature
  • Legislative branch
2025 · #19What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?
  • Senate and House (of Representatives)
2025 · #2065/20 questionName one power of the U.S. Congress.
  • Writes laws
  • Declares war
  • Makes the federal budget
2025 · #21How many U.S. senators are there?
  • One hundred (100)
2025 · #22How long is a term for a U.S. senator?
  • Six (6) years
2025 · #23Who is one of your state's U.S. senators now?
  • Answers will vary. Your answer:
2025 · #24How many voting members are in the House of Representatives?
  • Four hundred thirty-five (435)
2025 · #25How long is a term for a member of the House of Representatives?
  • Two (2) years
2025 · #26Why do U.S. representatives serve shorter terms than U.S. senators?
  • To more closely follow public opinion
2025 · #27How many senators does each state have?
  • Two (2)
2025 · #28Why does each state have two senators?
  • Equal representation (for small states)
  • The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)
2025 · #29Name your U.S. representative.
  • Answers will vary. Your answer:
2025 · #3065/20 questionWhat is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?
  • Mike Johnson (as of October 20, 2026 — check uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates)
2025 · #31Who does a U.S. senator represent?
  • Citizens of their state
  • People of their state
2025 · #32Who elects U.S. senators?
  • Citizens from their state
2025 · #33Who does a member of the House of Representatives represent?
  • Citizens in their (congressional) district
  • Citizens in their district
  • People from their (congressional) district
  • People in their district
2025 · #34Who elects members of the House of Representatives?
  • Citizens from their (congressional) district
2025 · #35Some states have more representatives than other states. Why?
  • (Because of) the state's population
  • (Because) they have more people
  • (Because) some states have more people
2025 · #3665/20 questionThe President of the United States is elected for how many years?
  • Four (4) years
2025 · #37The President of the United States can serve only two terms. Why?
  • (Because of) the 22nd Amendment
  • To keep the president from becoming too powerful
2025 · #3865/20 questionWhat is the name of the President of the United States now?
  • Donald J. Trump (as of October 20, 2026 — check uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates)
2025 · #3965/20 questionWhat is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?
  • JD Vance (as of October 20, 2026 — check uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates)
2025 · #40If the president can no longer serve, who becomes president?
  • The Vice President (of the United States)
2025 · #41Name one power of the president.
  • Signs bills into law
  • Vetoes bills
  • Enforces laws
  • Commander in Chief (of the military)
  • Chief diplomat
  • Appoints federal judges
2025 · #42Who is Commander in Chief of the U.S. military?
  • The President (of the United States)
2025 · #43Who signs bills to become laws?
  • The President (of the United States)
2025 · #4465/20 questionWho vetoes bills?
  • The President (of the United States)
2025 · #45Who appoints federal judges?
  • The President (of the United States)
2025 · #46The executive branch has many parts. Name one.
  • President (of the United States)
  • Cabinet
  • Federal departments and agencies
2025 · #47What does the President's Cabinet do?
  • Advises the President (of the United States)
2025 · #48What are two Cabinet-level positions?
  • Attorney General
  • Secretary of Agriculture
  • Secretary of Commerce
  • Secretary of Education
  • Secretary of Energy
  • Secretary of Health and Human Services
  • Secretary of Homeland Security
  • Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
  • Secretary of the Interior
  • Secretary of Labor
  • Secretary of State
  • Secretary of Transportation
  • Secretary of the Treasury
  • Secretary of Veterans Affairs
  • Secretary of War (Defense)
  • Vice-President
  • Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
  • Administrator of the Small Business Administration
  • Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
  • Director of the Office of Management and Budget
  • Director of National Intelligence
  • United States Trade Representative
2025 · #49Why is the Electoral College important?
  • It decides who is elected president.
  • It provides a compromise between the popular election of the president and congressional selection.
2025 · #50What is one part of the judicial branch?
  • Supreme Court
  • Federal Courts
2025 · #51What does the judicial branch do?
  • Reviews laws
  • Explains laws
  • Resolves disputes (disagreements) about the law
  • Decides if a law goes against the (U.S.) Constitution
2025 · #5265/20 questionWhat is the highest court in the United States?
  • Supreme Court
2025 · #53How many seats are on the Supreme Court?
  • Nine (9)
2025 · #54How many Supreme Court justices are usually needed to decide a case?
  • Five (5)
2025 · #55How long do Supreme Court justices serve?
  • (For) life
  • Lifetime appointment
  • (Until) retirement
2025 · #56Supreme Court justices serve for life. Why?
  • To be independent (of politics)
  • To limit outside (political) influence
2025 · #57Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now?
  • John Roberts (as of October 20, 2026 — check uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates)
2025 · #58Name one power that is only for the federal government.
  • Print paper money
  • Mint coins
  • Declare war
  • Create an army
  • Make treaties
  • Set foreign policy
2025 · #59Name one power that is only for the states.
  • Provide schooling and education
  • Provide protection (police)
  • Provide safety (fire departments)
  • Give a driver's license
  • Approve zoning and land use
2025 · #60What is the purpose of the 10th Amendment?
  • (It states that the) powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or to the people.
2025 · #6165/20 questionWho is the governor of your state now?
  • Answers will vary. Your answer:
2025 · #62What is the capital of your state?
  • Answers will vary. Your answer:
2025 · #63There are four amendments to the U.S. Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.
  • Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote).
  • You don't have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.
  • Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)
  • A male citizen of any race (can vote).
2025 · #64Who can vote in federal elections, run for federal office, and serve on a jury in the United States?
  • Citizens
  • Citizens of the United States
  • U.S. citizens
2025 · #65What are three rights of everyone living in the United States?
  • Freedom of expression
  • Freedom of speech
  • Freedom of assembly
  • Freedom to petition the government
  • Freedom of religion
  • The right to bear arms
2025 · #6665/20 questionWhat do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?
  • The United States
  • The flag
2025 · #67Name two promises that new citizens make in the Oath of Allegiance.
  • Give up loyalty to other countries
  • Defend the (U.S.) Constitution
  • Obey the laws of the United States
  • Serve in the military (if needed)
  • Serve (help, do important work for) the nation (if needed)
  • Be loyal to the United States
2025 · #68How can people become United States citizens?
  • Be born in the United States, under the conditions set by the 14th Amendment
  • Naturalize
  • Derive citizenship (under conditions set by Congress)
2025 · #69What are two examples of civic participation in the United States?
  • Vote
  • Run for office
  • Join a political party
  • Help with a campaign
  • Join a civic group
  • Join a community group
  • Give an elected official your opinion (on an issue)
  • Contact elected officials
  • Support or oppose an issue or policy
  • Write to a newspaper
2025 · #70What is one way Americans can serve their country?
  • Vote
  • Pay taxes
  • Obey the law
  • Serve in the military
  • Run for office
  • Work for local, state, or federal government
2025 · #71Why is it important to pay federal taxes?
  • Required by law
  • All people pay to fund the federal government
  • Required by the (U.S.) Constitution (16th Amendment)
  • Civic duty
2025 · #72It is important for all men age 18 through 25 to register for the Selective Service. Name one reason why.
  • Required by law
  • Civic duty
  • Makes the draft fair, if needed
2025 · #73The colonists came to America for many reasons. Name one.
  • Freedom
  • Political liberty
  • Religious freedom
  • Economic opportunity
  • Escape persecution
2025 · #7465/20 questionWho lived in America before the Europeans arrived?
  • American Indians
  • Native Americans
2025 · #75What group of people was taken and sold as slaves?
  • Africans
  • People from Africa
2025 · #76What war did the Americans fight to win independence from Britain?
  • American Revolution
  • The (American) Revolutionary War
  • War for (American) Independence
2025 · #77Name one reason why the Americans declared independence from Britain.
  • High taxes
  • Taxation without representation
  • British soldiers stayed in Americans' houses (boarding, quartering)
  • They did not have self-government
  • Boston Massacre
  • Boston Tea Party (Tea Act)
  • Stamp Act
  • Sugar Act
  • Townshend Acts
  • Intolerable (Coercive) Acts
2025 · #7865/20 questionWho wrote the Declaration of Independence?
  • (Thomas) Jefferson
2025 · #79When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?
  • July 4, 1776
2025 · #80The American Revolution had many important events. Name one.
  • (Battle of) Bunker Hill
  • Declaration of Independence
  • Washington Crossing the Delaware (Battle of Trenton)
  • (Battle of) Saratoga
  • Valley Forge (Encampment)
  • (Battle of) Yorktown (British surrender at Yorktown)
2025 · #81There were 13 original states. Name five.
  • New Hampshire
  • Massachusetts
  • Rhode Island
  • Connecticut
  • New York
  • New Jersey
  • Pennsylvania
  • Delaware
  • Maryland
  • Virginia
  • North Carolina
  • South Carolina
  • Georgia
2025 · #82What founding document was written in 1787?
  • (U.S.) Constitution
2025 · #83The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.
  • (James) Madison
  • (Alexander) Hamilton
  • (John) Jay
  • Publius
2025 · #84Why were the Federalist Papers important?
  • They helped people understand the (U.S.) Constitution.
  • They supported passing the (U.S.) Constitution.
2025 · #85Benjamin Franklin is famous for many things. Name one.
  • Founded the first free public libraries
  • First Postmaster General of the United States
  • Helped write the Declaration of Independence
  • Inventor
  • U.S. diplomat
2025 · #8665/20 questionGeorge Washington is famous for many things. Name one.
  • "Father of Our Country"
  • First president of the United States
  • General of the Continental Army
  • President of the Constitutional Convention
2025 · #87Thomas Jefferson is famous for many things. Name one.
  • Writer of the Declaration of Independence
  • Third president of the United States
  • Doubled the size of the United States (Louisiana Purchase)
  • First Secretary of State
  • Founded the University of Virginia
  • Writer of the Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom
2025 · #88James Madison is famous for many things. Name one.
  • "Father of the Constitution"
  • Fourth president of the United States
  • President during the War of 1812
  • One of the writers of the Federalist Papers
2025 · #89Alexander Hamilton is famous for many things. Name one.
  • First Secretary of the Treasury
  • One of the writers of the Federalist Papers
  • Helped establish the First Bank of the United States
  • Aide to General George Washington
  • Member of the Continental Congress
2025 · #90What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803?
  • Louisiana Territory
  • Louisiana
2025 · #91Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s.
  • War of 1812
  • Mexican-American War
  • Civil War
  • Spanish-American War
2025 · #92Name the U.S. war between the North and the South.
  • The Civil War
2025 · #93The Civil War had many important events. Name one.
  • (Battle of) Fort Sumter
  • Emancipation Proclamation
  • (Battle of) Vicksburg
  • (Battle of) Gettysburg
  • Sherman's March
  • (Surrender at) Appomattox
  • (Battle of) Antietam/Sharpsburg
  • Lincoln was assassinated.
2025 · #9465/20 questionAbraham Lincoln is famous for many things. Name one.
  • Freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation)
  • Saved (or preserved) the Union
  • Led the United States during the Civil War
  • 16th president of the United States
  • Delivered the Gettysburg Address
2025 · #95What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
  • Freed the slaves
  • Freed slaves in the Confederacy
  • Freed slaves in the Confederate states
  • Freed slaves in most Southern states
2025 · #96What U.S. war ended slavery?
  • The Civil War
2025 · #97What amendment says all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are U.S. citizens?
  • 14th Amendment
2025 · #98When did all men get the right to vote?
  • After the Civil War
  • During Reconstruction
  • (With the) 15th Amendment
  • 1870
2025 · #99Name one leader of the women's rights movement in the 1800s.
  • Susan B. Anthony
  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton
  • Sojourner Truth
  • Harriet Tubman
  • Lucretia Mott
  • Lucy Stone
2025 · #100Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.
  • World War I
  • World War II
  • Korean War
  • Vietnam War
  • (Persian) Gulf War
2025 · #101Why did the United States enter World War I?
  • Because Germany attacked U.S. (civilian) ships
  • To support the Allied Powers (England, France, Italy, and Russia)
  • To oppose the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria)
2025 · #102When did all women get the right to vote?
  • 1920
  • After World War I
  • (With the) 19 th Amendment
2025 · #103What was the Great Depression?
  • Longest economic recession in modern history
2025 · #104When did the Great Depression start?
  • The Great Crash (1929)
  • Stock market crash of 1929
2025 · #105Who was president during the Great Depression and World War II?
  • (Franklin) Roosevelt
2025 · #106Why did the United States enter World War II?
  • (Bombing of) Pearl Harbor
  • Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
  • To support the Allied Powers (England, France, and Russia)
  • To oppose the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan)
2025 · #107Dwight Eisenhower is famous for many things. Name one.
  • General during World War II
  • President at the end of (during) the Korean War
  • 34 th president of the United States
  • Signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (Created the Interstate System)
2025 · #108Who was the United States' main rival during the Cold War?
  • Soviet Union
  • USSR
  • Russia
2025 · #109During the Cold War, what was one main concern of the United States?
  • Communism
  • Nuclear war
2025 · #110Why did the United States enter the Korean War?
  • To stop the spread of communism
2025 · #111Why did the United States enter the Vietnam War?
  • To stop the spread of communism
2025 · #112What did the civil rights movement do?
  • Fought to end racial discrimination
2025 · #11365/20 questionMartin Luther King, Jr. is famous for many things. Name one.
  • Fought for civil rights
  • Worked for equality for all Americans
  • Worked to ensure that people would "not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character"
2025 · #114Why did the United States enter the Persian Gulf War?
  • To force the Iraqi military from Kuwait
2025 · #11565/20 questionWhat major event happened on September 11, 2001 in the United States?
  • Terrorists attacked the United States
  • Terrorists took over two planes and crashed them into the World Trade Center in New York City
  • Terrorists took over a plane and crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia
  • Terrorists took over a plane originally aimed at Washington, D.C., and crashed in a field in Pennsylvania
2025 · #116Name one U.S. military conflict after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
  • (Global) War on Terror
  • War in Afghanistan
  • War in Iraq
2025 · #117Name one American Indian tribe in the United States.
  • Apache
  • Blackfeet
  • Cayuga
  • Cherokee
  • Cheyenne
  • Chippewa
  • Choctaw
  • Creek
  • Crow
  • Hopi
  • Huron
  • Inupiat
  • Lakota
  • Mohawk
  • Mohegan
  • Navajo
  • Oneida
  • Onondaga
  • Pueblo
  • Seminole
  • Seneca
  • Shawnee
  • Sioux
  • Teton
  • Tuscarora
2025 · #118Name one example of an American innovation.
  • Light bulb
  • Automobile (cars, internal combustion engine)
  • Skyscrapers
  • Airplane
  • Assembly line
  • Landing on the moon
  • Integrated circuit (IC)
2025 · #119What is the capital of the United States?
  • Washington, D.C.
2025 · #120Where is the Statue of Liberty?
  • New York (Harbor)
  • Liberty Island [Also acceptable are New Jersey, near New York City, and on the Hudson (River).]
2025 · #12165/20 questionWhy does the flag have 13 stripes?
  • (Because there were) 13 original colonies
  • (Because the stripes) represent the original colonies
2025 · #122Why does the flag have 50 stars?
  • (Because there is) one star for each state
  • (Because) each star represents a state
  • (Because there are) 50 states
2025 · #123What is the name of the national anthem?
  • The Star-Spangled Banner
2025 · #124The Nation's first motto was "E Pluribus Unum." What does that mean?
  • Out of many, one
  • We all become one
2025 · #125What is Independence Day?
  • A holiday to celebrate U.S. independence (from Britain)
  • The country's birthday
2025 · #12665/20 questionName three national U.S. holidays.
  • New Year's Day
  • Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
  • Presidents Day (Washington's Birthday)
  • Memorial Day
  • Juneteenth
  • Independence Day
  • Labor Day
  • Columbus Day
  • Veterans Day
  • Thanksgiving Day
  • Christmas Day
2025 · #127What is Memorial Day?
  • A holiday to honor soldiers who died in military service
2025 · #128What is Veterans Day?
  • A holiday to honor people in the (U.S.) military
  • A holiday to honor people who have served (in the U.S. military)